8/19/2023 0 Comments Diego b negative blood typeIn 1955 investigators found that the Diego family included ancestry from Indigenous peoples of the Americas, and that the Diego factor (Di a) was not restricted to the Diego family, but occurred in several populations in Venezuela and elsewhere in South America. The investigators, with the agreement of the father, named the new type after his surname, "Diego". Rare blood types known at the time were eliminated, and the new type was classified as a "private" or "family" blood type. Red blood cells from the father reacted strongly to blood serum from the mother. Rh and ABO blood type mismatches were soon ruled out, and investigators began searching for a rare blood factor. The first Diego antigen, Di a, was discovered in 1953, when a child in Venezuela died of hemolytic disease three days after birth. List of Diego antigens List of Diego antigens These include the Waldner (Wd a), Redelberger (Rb a), Warrior (WARR), ELO, Wulfsberg (Wu), Bishop (Bp a), Moen (Mo a), Hughes (Hu a), van Vugt (Vg a), Swann (Sw a), Bowyer (BOW), NFLD, Nunhart (Jn a), KREP, Traversu (Tr a), Froese (Fra) and SW1 types. Seventeen other rare blood types (as of 2002) are included in the Diego antigen system, as they are produced by mutations on the SLC4A1 gene. Anti-Wr b is very rare, and little data is available on its severity. Anti-Wr a can also cause severe hemolytic disease of the newborn and severe transfusion reaction. Wr a always expresses antigens, but the antibody reaction of Wr b depends on a variation in the structure of glycophorin A, which binds with Wr b. The Wright blood system is another pair of types, Wright a (Wr a) and Wright b (Wr b), also differing by one amino acid on the AE1 glycoprotein and one nucleotide on the SLC4A1 gene. Anti-Di b usually causes milder reactions. Anti-Di a (the antibody to Di a) can cause severe hemolytic disease of the newborn and severe transfusion reaction. No individual has been tested who does not produce one, or both, of the two antigens. People heterozygous for the two alleles produce both antigens. Di b is common or ubiquitous in all populations which have been screened for it, while Di a has been found only in Indigenous peoples of the Americas (in both North and South America) and East Asians, and in people with some ancestors from those groups. The Diego system is named after a pair of types, Diego a (Di a) and Diego b (Di b), which differ by one amino acid in the AE1 glycoprotein, corresponding to one difference in the nucleotide sequence of the SLC4A1 gene. The Diego a antigen is fairly common in Indigenous peoples of the Americas (in both North and South America) and East Asians, but very rare or absent in most other populations, supporting the theory that the two groups share common ancestry. The AE1 glycoprotein is expressed only in red blood cells and, in a shortened form, in some cells in the kidney. The antigens are inherited through various alleles of the gene SLC4A1 ( Solute carrier family 4), located on human chromosome 17. The Diego antigen (or blood group) system is composed of 21 blood factors or antigens carried on the Band 3 glycoprotein, also known as Anion Exchanger 1 (AE1).
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